Putyatin Evfimiy Vasilievich
(08(20).11.1804
–
16(28).10.1883)
Born
in St. Petersburg. His childhood passed in a family estate
in the Novgorod district. By the will of his parents, he
entered the Maritime College, which he graduated first in
graduation; on March 1, 1822, he was promoted to midshipman.
On the frigate
"Cruiser" under the command of the future
admiral M.P. Lazarev midshipman Putyatin sailed around the
world. In 1826 he was transferred to the battleship
"Azov",
with which on October 20, 1827 he participated in the Battle
of Navarino and was awarded the Order of
St. Vladimir IV degree.
In subsequent years, Euthymius Putyatin made several long
trips to the Mediterranean Sea, performed hydrographic work
in the Bosphorus and Dardanelles. For 18 campaigns he was
awarded the Order of
St. George IV degree. In 1834 he was promoted to
lieutenant commander.
On the Black Sea, Putyatin commanded the Iphigenia corvette
and the Agatopol frigate; in 1838–1839 he participated in
military operations against the highlanders in the Caucasus.
When landing on Cape Subashi was wounded in the leg. For
"the difference in the battle," he early received the rank
of captain of the 1st rank.
In 1842, Putyatin fulfilled his first diplomatic mission -
on the orders of Nicholas I sent to Persia, where he agreed
on fishing zones and a joint fight against piracy on the
Caspian Sea. In addition, Putyatin persuades the Persian
Shah to lift restrictions on trade with Russia.
The successful fulfillment by Putyatin of very difficult
tasks in St. Petersburg was appreciated, and the captain of
the 1st rank was involved in diplomatic work. Putyatin makes
trips to England, Holland, Turkey and other countries. In
1843, Putyatin, on his own initiative, proposed an
expedition plan to China and Japan. The emperor supported
his proposal, but for a number of reasons the plan was
realized only a few years later.
In 1852, Putyatin, who had been promoted to vice admiral at
that time, left the Kallstadt Far East on the frigate
"Pallada". He led the expedition, which included many prominent
personalities - scientists and diplomats. The famous Russian
writer I.A. Goncharov became the personal secretary of
Putyatin. Later he outlined his impressions of the journey
in the wonderful book Frigate Pallas.
The history of this expedition is full of drama: here the
Crimean War began, and the death of two frigates - the
Pallas and the Diana that replaced it, and the slowness of
Japanese officials who were in no hurry to open their
country to foreigners ... Nevertheless, on February 7, 1855
Putyatin managed to conclude the first treaty in the history
of Russian-Japanese relations, known as the Simodsky
Treatise. The agreement defined the borders between the two
countries, opened three Japanese ports for trade and laid
the foundation for consular relations at the interstate
level. By imperial decree, Putyatin, as head of the
diplomatic mission, was granted the title of count. And for
scientific research conducted during the voyage along the
Far Eastern seas, Evfimiy Vasilyevich was elected an
honorary member of the Russian Academy of Sciences.
Further service of Vice Admiral Count Putyatin took place in
the diplomatic field. In 1855-1857, he was a naval agent in
London and Paris, and then led a new diplomatic mission to
China and Japan. In 1857, Putyatin concluded an additional
agreement in Nagasaki, which gave the Russian merchants a
number of benefits. In July of the following year, a trade
and border agreement with China was signed in Tianjin. Then
Putyatin again went to Japan, where on August 7 he concluded
another profitable agreement, according to which the
Japanese government provided the Russian courts with a more
convenient port instead of Shimoda, allowed them to simplify
trade and agreed to open an Orthodox church in Japan. Upon
returning to St. Petersburg in August 1858, Count Putyatin,
“for distinction in service”, was promoted to full admiral.
He also becomes an honorary member of the Russian
Geographical Society and receives a high award - the Order
of
St. Alexander Nevsky.
For two years, Count Putyatin served as a naval agent at the
Russian embassy in London, and on July 2, 1861, Alexander II
unexpectedly appointed him Minister of Education. True, the
admiral did not stay in this position for long and resigned
in January of the following year.
Shortly before his death, Putyatin was awarded the highest
award of the Russian Empire - the Order of
St. Andrew the First-Called.
He died in Paris and, according to his will, was buried in
the Kiev Pechersk Lavra.
Cape on the west coast of
Providence Bay. The name appeared in 1877 on a map compiled
from the work of the
"Vsadnik" clipper.