Shanz Ivan (Johann Ebergard) Ivanovich
(01(13).10.1802–22.12(03.01).18 80/1881)
Russian
admiral, navigator, shipbuilder, member of the Admiralty Council.
Born in Björneborg in a family that belonged to an old German
noble family. As
a child, he entered the ship to a familiar captain as a volunteer
and sailed almost continuously on Finnish commercial vessels until
the age of 19. In
1820, completely unaware of the Russian language, he brilliantly
passed the exam in the Navy and was promoted to the midshipmen. He
was sent to serve in Sveaborg, where he sailed up to various ships
in the Gulf of Finland and the Baltic Sea before the lieutenant's
rank, doing inventory and gauging of skerries between Sveaborg and
Jungferzund, as well as inventory of the Aland Islands. Having
received the rank of lieutenant, Shants during 1828–1831. was
in the voyage abroad on the ship "Fershampenuaz", participated in
the blockade of the Dardanelles and the inventory of the Rabbit
Islands. This
ship burned down on the Kronstadt raid. Courageous
behavior of Shantz during the fire, when he was the last to leave
the ship, was one of the reasons for his appointment as commander of
the lugger Oranienbaum. In
1834, he was promoted to captain-lieutenant and appointed commander
of the military transport "America", going to circumnavigate the
globe. During
this campaign, a group of coral islands were discovered in the
Marshall archipelago, named in the atlas of Admiral I.F. Krusenstern islands
of the Shantz. Upon
returning from swimming in 1836, Shantsa was promoted to captain of
rank 2, and two years later to captain of rank 1.
One of the first in Russia, Shantz realized that the fleet was
awaiting revolutionary changes associated with the transition from
sail to pair. Being
a first-class sailor of the sailing fleet, he resolutely joined the
ranks of the supporters of the modernization of the Russian fleet.
During 1837–1841 Schantz
was on various missions and inspected the construction of the
largest and strongest military ship of the time, Kamchatka, in New
York, which led from America to Kronstadt in 21 days from entering
England. Until
1847, on this steamship, he almost constantly sailed in the Baltic
and Mediterranean seas and in the Atlantic Ocean. After
production to Rear Admirals, Shantz stopped navigating and switched
to shipbuilding activities. In
the period 1848–1855 he
carried out assignments related to the construction of the Rurik,
Olaf steamboat-frigates, the Kalevala corvette, the Sterlyad screw
boat, schooners for the Caspian Sea, 40 rowing gunboats and others.
In 1855, with the beginning of the Crimean campaign, Shantz was
appointed head of a separate detachment of steam ships on the
Kronstadt raid with a flag on the Kamchatka steamboat frigate, and
in May of the same year, commander of the 1st Navy division, which
he headed before the fleet reorganization in 1860 year In
the following years, Shantz served as the senior flagship of the
Baltic Fleet, commanded a division, and carried out orders for the
construction of new steam vessels, their armament and coastal
batteries.
In 1863, Shantz became a member of the Admiralty Council. He
was awarded all orders before St.
Alexander Nevsky with diamonds and St.
George of 4 degrees for
25 years of immaculate service in officer ranks, a bronze medal and
a ring with the monogram of the sovereign for the Turkish campaign
of 1829. Shantz
belonged to that glorious school of old sailors, for whom
“seamanship” served as the slogan of their whole life, from the
school bench to the grave.
Shanz was also widely known as a marine fiction writer. His
works are imbued with good humor, differ in excellent Russian
language.
He died in St. Petersburg, buried in the Mitrofanyevsky cemetery,
liquidated in the 1930s.
Cape north
entrance in the mouth of Mashigina on the west coast of the northern
island of Novaya Zemlya. Named
in 1839 by S.A. Moiseev. |