Belousov Mikhail Prokofievich
(30.10(12.11).1904–19.05.1946)
Outstanding
ice captain, Hero
of the Soviet Union.
Born in Rostov, in the family of an employee of a wine warehouse,
the mother of an illiterate housewife.
In 1913, the boy managed to get a job in Petrovskoe real school
with difficulty. At
the age of 15, Belousov began his working life as a digger at the
Novocherkassk Agricultural Institute.
In 1920, his first encounter with the sea took place - he worked
as cabin boy on fishing vessels. The
naval service attracted a young man, and in the fall of 1922
Belousov entered the marine branch of the Rostov Polytechnic of
waterways. In
practice, in the summer of 1923, he sailed across the Black Sea on
the schooner "Agitator", and in 1924, after passing the final
examinations, he was sent to Vladivostok. His
sea life began as an assistant navigator on the steamer
"Indigirka", then before he was drafted into the army he managed to work as a
navigator on the steamers "Memory of Lenin", "Primorye",
"Shaturstroy". Like
the overwhelming majority of Soviet youths of worker-peasant origin,
Belousov joined the Komsomol, and in 1928 - in the VKP (b). He
served in the army in two ways: first, from November 1926 to
December 1927, then after a break, he was again called up as an
officer in 1929 due to the outbreak of the conflict on the Chinese
Eastern Railway and
participated in hostilities.
Since 1932 Belousov began to go out to sea as a captain. His
first ship was the ship "Volkhovstroy", and then on different ships
he made long-distance flights to Shanghai, Tien-Jin, Hakodate,
Osaka, Formosa, Singapore, Colombo, London, Genoa and other ports,
accumulated experience in maritime navigation in the severe Sea of
Okhotsk, off the coast of Kamchatka. His
first Arctic ship immediately became the famous icebreaker
"Krasin",
on which he led the escort of ships in the ice of the eastern sector
of the Arctic. Belousov
walked tens of thousands of miles on the Krasin. He
conducted large caravans of ships through the ice of the Chukchi and
East Siberian seas and the Laptev seas. In
1935, in severe ice conditions, he made his way to latitude 73° 30'N
of Wrangel Island, to an area where free-floating vessels had never
been. In
1937 participating in the search for an aircraft S.A. Levanevsky,
sailed in the Beaufort Sea, off the coast of Alaska. Four
times "Krasin" under the command of Belousov made his way to the
island of Wrangel, delivering there the necessary cargoes for life
and changing polar explorers-winterers.
In 1937 Belousov was awarded the Order of the Red
Star. A
manifestation of the greatest trust and favor to Belousov was his
appointment in 1939 as the commander of the flagship of the Soviet
icebreaking fleet of the icebreaker "I. Stalin".
For
the first time in history, a Belousov-led icebreaker made a double
cross-cutting voyage along the Northern Sea Route from Murmansk to
Providence Bay in the Bering Sea and back, having covered more than
ten thousand miles in the Arctic seas.
In the winter of 1939 - 1940, Belousov on an expedition led by I.D. Papanin,
drifted 812 days from the Laptev Sea l/n "G. Sedov". At
the same time a record latitude of free swimming on the polar night
was reached - 80° 42'N. It
was for this flight that Belousov received the title of Hero of the
Soviet Union (medal No. 391). In
addition, he was awarded the Order of the Red
Banner and World
War I degree.
In the same 1940 he was appointed head of the maritime
administration the Main Directorate of the Northern Sea Route. During
the Great Patriotic War, Belousov was in charge of shipping in the
Arctic, and was head of the White Sea ice operations.
He died in Moscow, buried in the Novodevichy
cemetery.
![](http://www.gpavet.narod.ru/Names/belousov_ship.jpg)
Icebreaker "Captain Belousov" on the route of the
Northern Sea Route |
In 1955, the "Captain Belousov" icebreaker, operating on the
Northern Sea Route, but better adapted, like the "Captain Voronin" and
"Captain Melekhov" single-series with it, was launched to operate in
freezing ports. Currently,
"Captain Belousov", the only one of these three vessels remaining in
service, is working in the port of Mariupol (Ukraine).
Cape in
the south of the island of Ziegler archipelago Franz Josef Land. Named
by Soviet cartographers in the 1950s. Currently,
"Captain Belousov", the only one of these three vessels remaining in
service, is working in the port of Mariupol (Ukraine).
Mountain in
the south of Wrangel Island. |