Burke Arthur Karlovich
(14.06.1891-13.11.1942)
Soviet
ice captain, who made a significant contribution to the theory and
practice of ice navigation.
Born in Latvia in the family of a hired man, he graduated from
the Riga Maritime School. In
1915, Burke was in Arkhangelsk in command of a ship that arrived
from England. In
December of the same year, he was enrolled in the crew of the
"G. Sedov". From
that moment his Arctic voyages began.
Burke received his basic education at the Arkhangelsk Trade and
Navigational School, which he graduated in 1919 with a diploma of
navigator. He
attached great importance to the study of the experience of the
navigation of the Pomor, using all the knowledge gained in his
practical activities.Until the end of the 1930s, he worked on
icebreaking ships first as a navigator, and then as a captain. While
participating in the sea animal harvesting in the White Sea,
delivering cargo to field camps in the Kara Sea, Burke devoted a
lot of time to studying ice, ice navigation conditions, prospects
for developing commercial fishing in Taimyr, collecting materials on
hydrography and the southeastern part of the Kara Sea.
In 1934 after the restoration overhaul,
icebreaking steamer
"Sadko" (former “Lintroz”)
re-entered into service. As
is known, Russia bought it in 1915 in Canada, but in June 1916,
having hit the stones in the Kandalaksha Bay, he got a hole 18
meters long and sank at a depth of 22 meters. There
were several unsuccessful attempts to raise Sadko before EPRON
succeeded. October
15, 1933 after nearly 17 years of stay at the bottom of the sea,
"Sadko" floated to the surface of the water. On
the pontoons, he was towed to a small place, the hole was sealed,
and then taken by tugboat to Arkhangelsk, where he was repaired at
the "Krasnaya Kuznitsa" factory. Supervised
the restoration of "Sadko" Burke, appointed in December 1933 as its
captain. Order
on Glavsevmorput of July 8, 1934, signed by G.A. Ushakov, he
was awarded a cash prize and a silver cigarette case with the
inscription "The best drummer ...".
On the first voyage, it was planned to conduct scientific
research in the Kara Sea and organize a polar station on Cape
Olovyanny (Bolshevik Island, Severnaya Zemlya archipelago). In
case of impossibility, due to the ice conditions of reaching
Severnaya Zemlya, it was planned to organize it on the island. Solitude
in the center of the Kara Sea. As
a result, this backup option was implemented.
In 1936, Captain Burke made two voyages on icebreaker vessel
"Vladimir Rusanov" from
Arkhangelsk to the northern island of the Franz Josef Land
archipelago - Rudolph Island, where a base was created to service
the Soviet air expedition to the North Pole.
The Arctic navigation of 1937 began with the Sadko super-early
flight commanded by Burke. On
June 29, the ship was already on the island of Rudolph, delivering
cargo there for an expedition to the North Pole, and on July 8
returned to Arkhangelsk.
After the Sadko campaign, Burke was appointed captain of
icebreaker ship "Rusanov", where at the end of the navigation he led
two steamboats to Franz Josef Land with cargoes for the M.I. Shevelev,
organized to search for the crew S.A. Levanevskiy. The
ships were successfully held at Silent Bay, where they had to
winter. This
was the first case of forced wintering of ships at the Franz-Joseph
Land.
In the late 1930s due to illness, Burke was forced to stop
working on ships. His
vast experience and knowledge was used as a member of the Council at
the head of the Main Sea Route.
During the war years, Burke was already seriously ill, but was
enlisted as a consultant on the White Sea ice. Peru
Burke owned work on sea ice, the experience of Arctic navigation,
which today retain great scientific and practical value.
Awarded the Order of the Red
Star.
He was buried in Arkhangelsk at the Solombala
cemetery.
Bay on
the island of Luigi archipelago Franz Josef Land. Named
by Soviet cartographers in the 1950s. |