De Haven Edwin
(07.05.1816–01.05.1865)
American arctic explorer.
Born in Philadelphia, at the age of ten he began service in the
navy as a midshipman, in 1841 he was promoted to lieutenant, in 1857
he was forced to resign due to a sharp deterioration in his vision. Having
lived a short life, De Haven nevertheless managed to inscribe his
name in the history of studies of the American Arctic and Antarctic.
During 1839–1842 He
participated in the C. Wilkes Antarctic Expedition, but the main
activity of his life was the Arctic navigation of 1850-1851. in
order to search for the expedition of J.
Franklin.
Expedition De Haven on two ships "Advance" and "Rescue", purchased and equipped with G.
Grinnell, was named the First Grinnell. Grinnell
and De Haven unanimously decided that small compact ships are better
suited for navigation in the Arctic, often winding, with narrow
fairway straits of the Canadian Arctic archipelago. They
turned their attention to two miniature brigantines, which had a
displacement of 144 and 91 tons, respectively. Participating
in the expedition as a physician and naturalist, E.
Kane expressed his
impression of the ships in this way: “They seemed to me more like a
pair of schooners for coastal navigation than a national squadron
equipped to a distant and dangerous sea”. With
Grinnell's money, a great deal of work was done on retrofitting
vessels and adapting them to swimming in ice. The
boards were reinforced with a 2.5-inch-thick oak paneling, the noses
were reinforced with metal sheets, the frames were strengthened,
additional props were installed, etc. The expedition was perfectly
equipped, the teams consisted of young, but very brave and energetic
sailors. The
instruction given to De Haven was written in short, clear and
definite phrases and contrasted sharply with the lengthy
instructions of the English Admiralty. However,
it also clearly showed confidence that Franklin should be sought in
the west or north from the Lancaster
and Barrow straits, confidence that delayed the clarification of
the fate of the Franklin expedition for years and certainly cost the
lives of many of its participants.
They left New York on May 24, 1850, from the Strait of Barrow
climbed north along the
Wellington Strait, discovered an unknown land, which was called
the Grinnell
Land. Subsequently,
it became clear that this is the peninsula of
Devon Island. Expedition
succeeded simultaneously with
a detachment of E.
Ommanney from the
expedition of G.
Austin found on Beachy
Island is the site of
the first wintering of the ships of Franklin.
Christ Church |
After returning from this voyage, which lasted 16 months, De
Haven transferred to the coastal service at the Naval Observatory.
He
died
in Philadelphia. He
was buried in
the Church of Christ (Christ
Church) in Philadelphia.
An island (De
Haven) to the west of the Adelaide peninsula in northern Canada.
Cape (De
Haven) in the southeast of the island of Victoria in the Canadian
Arctic Archipelago.
Cape (De
Haven) in the east of Cornwallis in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. |