Vitram Fedor Fedorovich (Gotlieb Friedrich
Theodor)
(17(29).09.1854-23.12.1914/05.01.1915)
Russian
astronomer.
Born in Riga and graduated from high school here. In
1873 he entered the University of Dorpat, from which he graduated in
1878 as a candidate of mathematical sciences.
Upon graduation, Vitram became an employee of the Pulkovo
Observatory, which he did not leave until his death. In
the observatory, he passed all the stages: supernumerary astronomer,
calculator, adjunct, senior astronomer. At
the same time, since 1887, Vitram occupied the post of full
professor of practical astronomy and geodesy at the Nikolaev Academy
of the General Staff, in 1912 he became its honorary professor. In
addition, Vitram was an advisory astronomer of the Military
Topographic Department and the Marine Ministry.
Vitram's dissertations for a master's degree and a doctorate in
astronomy are connected with questions about the perturbations of
comets by planets. In
1901, he processed the results of Russian expeditions to observe the
passage of Venus in 1874. The
publications of the Pulkovo Observatory and the Military Topographic
Department contain Vitram's works on the production of leveling,
determining the difference in longitudes of Pulkovo-Arkhangelsk,
Pulkovo-Potsdam, as well as auxiliary tables for determining the
time and latitude and so on. A
number of his works are devoted to issues of solar eclipses.
In the Astronomical Society, Vitram was a member of the academic
council for many years, during 1910–1913. its
chairman.
The merits of Vitram were also marked by the
Imperial Russian Geographical Society awards: a
silver medal in 1888 and a small gold medal in 1898, the highest
award of the Society Konstantinovskaya
medal in 1907.
Training triangulation point on the
roof of the church in the village of Moscow Slavyanka.
F.F. Vitram (3rd from
right) conducts classes with surveyors |
Despite the serious illness - the pectoral toad -
which greatly undermined his health, he vigilantly worried about the
prosperity of society.
And these works bore fruit - Vitram's chairmanship was the period
of the greatest intensity of the society’s activities, expressed in
the abundance of interesting reports and publications.
Of particular importance is the teaching activities of Vitram. As
a professor of practical astronomy and geodesy, he supervised the
studies of naval officers who had been sent to the Pulkovo
Observatory for an internship. Among
his many students were, for example, A.M. Buhteev, E.L. Bialokoz, B.V. Davydov, N.N. Matusevich,
P.A. Novopashenny and others. With
his listeners, Vitram traveled to Lake Ladoga, the Baltic Sea, on
scientific trips he visited Central Asia and the Caucasus,
Vladivostok and Khabarovsk, France and Germany. Vitram
also participated in the navigation of the Yermak icebreaker to
Spitsbergen in 1899 as part of the “degree measurement” expedition.
For its outstanding activities for the benefit of Russia, Vitram
in different years was awarded the Order of St. Stanislav 1 and 3 degrees,
St. Anna 2 and 3 degrees,
St. Vladimir 3 and 4 degrees.
He died in Petrograd, buried in the cemetery
of the Pulkovo Observatory.
Cape in
Wolf Bay on the Dawn Peninsula on Taimyr. Named
by Russian Polar expedition in 1900.
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