Ivanov Ivan Nikiforovich
(1784–16.11.1847)
Navigator, hydrograph, explorer of the Arctic.
He graduated from the navigator school. Until
1821, Ivanov served on various ships sailing in the Baltic,
Northern, Mediterranean seas and in the Atlantic Ocean. In
1804, he participated in the siege of the fortresses of Kurtzola and
Dubrovnik on the Adriatic Sea.
The main business of Ivanov’s life was the hydrographic
description of the shores
of the Pechora and Kara seas from the mouth of the Pechora to Yamal, inclusive. It
all started with the fact that in 1819, the Marine Ministry
prescribed the Vice-Admiral A.F.
Klokachev, Chief
Commander of the Port of Arkhangelsk equips
a special expedition to measure the Pechora River. After
an unsuccessful attempt to organize an expedition from local
hydrographers from St. Petersburg, Ivanov was summoned, to whom
Klokachev promised a reward if he "exactly executes instruction
points regarding the said river in such a remote country located". Since
Ivanov’s acceptance of this proposal, life has for a number of years
presented him with severe tests of cold, hunger, physical overload
and deadly risk, which he courageously and without recalciton
overcame without demanding any awards.
In February 1821, the expedition left Arkhangelsk and headed for Pustozersk on
Pechora. One
of Ivanov’s assistants was P.K. Pakhtusov,
who in 12 years, thanks to the outstanding research of Novaya
Zemlya, will receive much greater fame than his commander and
teacher. Since
1824, another hydrograph N.M.
Ragozin will join the
works of the Pechora Expedition of Ivanov.
Ivanov's work continued until 1829 inclusive. Starting
from 1825, his young wife participated in all the campaigns with
him. Unfortunately,
the story did not preserve the name of this brave, selflessly
devoted woman to her husband. Over
these years, the coast of the Pechora Sea to the east of the Pechora
estuary was laid on the map, the Pechora fairway was studied and
marked, its banks were examined in the lower course, numerous small
islets of the Pechora Sea, the island
of Vaigach, the island of Kolguyev, Gulyaev cats, almost all
were described. Bely
Island, the Yamal Peninsula, the entire coast of the Ob Bay. It
was not possible to describe the eastern coast of the southern
island of Novaya Zemlya, since the Ivanov team, consisting of local
Samoyed inhabitants, refused to go there.
F.P. Litke,
to whom the expedition was subjugated in 1824, in his report to the
Admiralty Department noted Ivanov and his assistants: “Describing
the ocean and islands in open karbas, lying deliberately at a
distance from the mainland, they repeatedly subjected their lives to
obvious danger, not to mention any kind of difficulties and
shortcomings in everything, and finally in the food itself, which
they had to endure from the very beginning to the very end of the
expedition”.
The results of the hydrographic works of Ivanov were used in the
first Soviet batches drawn up during the development of the western
section of the Northern Sea Route. In
addition to hydrographic maps, Ivanov left the most interesting
information about the fish wealth of the region, anchorage sites, as
well as about the life, life and rituals of the local population,
without whose help it would be impossible to fulfill the tasks
assigned to it.
For his writings he was awarded the Order of St.
Vladimir, 4th degree,
In 1829, Ivanov returned to St. Petersburg and until 1846 sailed
on the Baltic Sea, rising to the rank of Colonel
the naval navigator corps.
Cape on
the northeast coast of White
Island
in the Kara Sea. Named
in 1826. |