Chernyshev Feodosiy Nikolaevich
(12.09.1856–02.01.1914)

An outstanding Russian geologist and paleontologist, academician.
Born in Kiev. He began his studies at the Kiev Gymnasium, where his extraordinary abilities were manifested from the first classes. However, he did not finish gymnasium. The romance of sea voyages led the young man to a maritime academy, after which he sailed on the Varyag sailboat, having visited many corners of the globe. He was awaited by a career as a brilliant naval officer, but he again sharply changed his life course and entered the St. Petersburg Mining Institute. Successfully completing the training, Chernyshev in 1882 began work in the Geological Committee, which he headed after 21 years. Since 1900, he is also the director of the Geological Museum of the Academy of Sciences, which now bears his name.
Chernyshev began his independent scientific work in the Urals, where he went on expeditions annually, starting in 1880, first as a member of the Meller party, and then as a geologist of Geolcom. As it was and is in Russia at all times, the work was carried out in difficult conditions and with extremely limited means, which surprised and amazed foreign colleagues. In one of the expeditions, a fallen horse crushed and severely injured his leg, as a result of which he later had to wear special shoes. Chernyshev's work in the Urals was an excellent school for him and gave excellent scientific results. In particular, the stratigraphy of the Paleozoic deposits of the Urals developed by him was later used not only in the Urals, but also in the Arctic, Altai and Central Asia.
The second stage of Chernyshev's work was the study of Timan. During 1889–1890 the Timan expedition carried out at least 10 thousand kilometers of search routes, covered the geological structure of an area of over 100 thousand square kilometers. Participation in the works as an astronomer O.A. Backlund provided the shooting with the highest snap accuracy. A number of routes through the Timan Ridge allowed us to connect its geology with the geology of the entire North of the European part of Russia. Chernyshev examined the Ukhta region, for the first time drawing attention to the northern oil, discovered polymetallic ores at Pizhma, and studied the stratigraphy of the Arctic coast. The expedition was also of great importance for geography and topography, the links between the relief and the geological structure were outlined. It was during this period that Chernyshev came to the conclusion that it was necessary to develop geological research in the north, in particular on Novaya Zemlya. Chernyshev reported on this conviction to him in Geolkom and the Russian Geographical Society, wishing that the North "should cease to be the stepson of Russia".
In 1895, Chernyshev managed to materialize his conviction. He led an expedition to Novaya Zemlya, where he carried out a geological survey of the southern island and Matochkin Shar, crossed the southern island from Malye Karmakul to the Kara Sea, conducted a visual survey along the route. The scientific results of the expedition were huge. Having studied the geological structure of Novaya Zemlya, Chernyshev found out its morphological features, indicating that the difference between the southern part of the southern island from the northern part and the northern island is based on the features of the geological structure. Chernyshev created the most detailed geological map of Novaya Zemlya at that time, showed the connection of its geological structure with other areas of the Russian North, in particular with the Pai-Khoi ridge and the Urals. He first outlined the history of its geological development. For fundamental scientific achievements in geography and geology, the Imperial Russian Geographical Society awarded Chernyshev with its highest award, the Great Konstantinovsky Medal.
During the years 1899-1901 Chernyshev led the Russian party of the Russian-Swedish expedition on the "degree measurement", which worked on Svalbard. The project of such measurements in 1826 was developed by an outstanding English naturalist and arctic researcher E. Sabin, who visited the archipelago and became convinced of the reality of the implementation of such an event.
According to the plan developed by the Swedish scientist PG Rosen with the participation of N.A.-E. Nordenskiöld, it was supposed to measure the arc of a meridian about four degrees long with the help of 22 triangles, designed along the tops of the archipelago along the Hinlopen and Stur-Fjord Straits. Work in the north in the area of Khinlopen was to be carried out by the Swedes, and the southern segment - by the Russians. The program of the expedition included astronomic-geodesic, pendulum, magnetic, meteorological, geological, hydrological, hydrographic observations, the study of the aurora. The expedition consisted of such outstanding Russian scientists in various fields of knowledge as O.A. Backlund, A.A. Bunge, V.V. Akhmatov, A.A. Byalynitsky-Birulya, O.O Backlund, E.V. Stelling and others. Thanks to Chernyshev's outstanding organizational skills, the task was accomplished in just three years, while similar expeditions to more accessible regions lasted for five or more years.
This expedition was the last expedition of Chernyshev to the North. Nevertheless, in subsequent years, he did a lot for the geological study of the European North of Russia. With his assistance, expeditions were organized to the Bolshezemelskaya tundra, to Kanin and the Kola Peninsula, to the Northern Urals. He did not forget about the Siberian North, contributing to the expeditions to Yamal, Khatanga and Anabar, Verkhoyansk and Kolyma. His role in the organization of the Russian Polar Expedition E.V. Toll. He initiated the expedition of I.P. Tolmachyov and K.A. Vollosovich in the little-studied areas between Lena and the Bering Strait.
Chernyshev was an honorary member and member of many Russian and foreign scientific institutions and societies. Since 1902, he headed the department of physical geography of the Imperial Russian Geographical Society.
He was buried in Petersburg at the Smolensk Orthodox cemetery: a granite cross on a pedestal.
Islands in the Kara Sea in the Nordensheld archipelago. The name was assigned by the Commission on Geographical Names of the State Enterprise of the Ministry of the Navy on June 3, 1974 and approved by the decision of the Krasnoyarsk Regional Executive Committee of September 24, 1974
The island off the northwest coast of the island Vaigach. The name was given in 1902 by the hydrographic expedition of the Arctic Ocean under the leadership of A.I. Varnek.
The peninsula is in the southeast of the Bennett Island archipelago of De Long. Named in 1903 by A.V. Kolchak.

Glacier on the shore of Borzov Bay on the west coast of the northern island of Novaya Zemlya. Named by expedition G.Ya. Sedov in 1913.
Glacier on the island of Salm archipelago Franz Josef Land. The name was given by the decision of the Arkhangelsk Regional Executive Committee of August 26, 1963.
A mountain on the northern island of Novaya Zemlya near Krestovaya Bay.
A mountain on the southern island of Novaya Zemlya east of Malye Karmakul. Named in 1896 by the expedition of the Academy of Sciences.

Mountain on the island of West Svalbard. Named in 1899-1901. expedition on "degree measurement".
Bay in the Taimyr Gulf. Called  by E.V. Toll in 1901.
Lake on Novaya Zemlya in the area of the Matochkin Shar Strait.