Fuss Victor Egorovich
(09.11.1839 –31.03(12.04).1915)
Russian
astronomer.
Born in Pulkovo. Coming
from an academic family. His
ancestors moved to Russia from Germany at the end of the XVIII
century and were associated with the Russian Academy of Sciences
since the time of L. Euler.
V.V. Akhmatov wrote
about Fuss, “... he was a German only by his last name and religion,
and, perhaps, by his mental attitude and character, expressed in the
systematic and painstaking nature of his scientific works. His
sympathies were entirely on the side of Russia”.
Fuss spent his adolescent years in Vilna at the observatory there
headed by his father. After
graduating from high school, he entered the St. Petersburg
University, but, not satisfied with teaching there, he transferred
to the University of Dorpat, then famous for his training and the
first-class astronomical observatory created by V.Ya. Struve.
After graduating from university in 1861, Fuss moved to the
Pulkovo Observatory, taking first the position of supernumerary
astronomer, and then adjunct. Here
he replenished and developed the knowledge gained at the university,
conducted observations on various tools. During
this period, he published the results of his research in the
Izvestia of the Imperial Academy of Sciences, he defended his thesis
for the title of Master of Astronomy at the Physics and Mathematics
Faculty of St. Petersburg University.
The next and main stage of his life began in 1871 from the moment
of his transfer to the Naval Department as an astronomer at the
Marine Astronomical Observatory in Kronstadt, where he worked until
his retirement in 1904. In
Kronstadt he dealt with issues related to the use of astronomy in
navigation. Being
the head of the observatory for the study of chronometers, sextants
and other navigation tools, Fuss paid a lot of effort and attention
to the study of astronomical factors affecting the operation of
these instruments and, consequently, on the accuracy of ship
coordination.
He also worked on determining the place in the fog, having
developed an artificial horizon-collimator, investigated the effects
on the accuracy of observations of the effect of earth refraction.
Dealing with the processing of definitions of the geographical
location of various locations, Fuss traveled on numerous business
trips, visiting Lake Ladoga and Onega, the White Sea, and Novaya
Zemlya, where he spent the winter in 1882-1883. at
the station Small Karmakuly, the mouth of the Ob.
Already retired, Fuss continued his scientific work. He
was a worthy descendant of his famous ancestors, rendering great
services to Russian science. Almost
everything he wrote was printed in Russian and directly entered the
treasury of Russian knowledge.
He died in Petrograd, buried in the Smolensk cemetery. The
grave is not preserved.
Cape and peninsula in
Volchiy Bay on the
Peninsula
on Taimyr. The
cape was named by the Russian Polar Expedition in 1900, and the peninsula
Dixon hydrographs in 1961. |