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Hayes Isaac Israel
(05.03.1832–17.12.1881)
 American
polar explorer.
Born in Chester, Pennsylvania. In
1853 he graduated from the University of Pennsylvania.
In 1853–1855 as
a physician, Hayes participated in an expedition led by E.
Kane, led a detachment that crossed the
Kane basin and passed
north along the east coast of
Ellesmere Island. Like
Kane, Hayes was a supporter of the German geographer A.
Petermann's
hypothesis about the existence of a free ice sea at high latitudes,
by which one can easily reach the pole. Wanting
to prove it, he organized a polar expedition on a small ship "The
United States" with a crew of 14 people. Heys
planned to go along the west coast of the Smith
Strait between
Greenland and Ellesmere Island, to organize a wintering there in the
region of 80 o N ,
during which to equip food stores up to 82oN. With
the onset of spring, he intended to move deep into the Arctic Ocean
using sleighs. The
expedition set off from Boston in July 1860.
The reality did not allow to realize these plans. Immediately
after the release of Cape
York (West Greenland)
already in the Smith
Strait
met heavy ice. Wintering
had to be arranged southward in the Bay of Fulk (78o 18′N,
72o 31′W). Due
to the death of most of the dogs, Hayes refused to hike trips and
the organization of food bases. In
the spring on a sleigh, he hardly crossed the Smith Strait,
reached the east coast of Ellesmere Island, and from there with one
sailor Knorr headed north. Reaching
81o 35′N,
Hayes set a record for moving north.Having shown prudence, he
refused to go further because of lack of food. Seeing
the “water sky” in the northeast, Hayes was confirmed in his
erroneous opinion about the existence of an open polar reservoir at
high latitudes. Due
to the death of the astronomer, at the very beginning of the
expedition, Hayes himself made determinations that were not
sufficiently accurate. In
addition to new geographic data, the expedition received important
geological and meteorological materials.
In July, the ship managed to free itself from ice hugs. With
great difficulty, having overcome the very Arctic Melville
Bay, on August 14,
1861, they arrived in Upernivic and
from there went to Boston, where they returned 18 months and 13 days
after the start.
In 1869, Hayes visited Greenland with the artist V. Bradford, the
creator of numerous coastal and arctic landscapes.
Hayes has written several books about his Arctic
expeditions.
He died in New York, buried in a family plot near
the town
of West Goshen, Pennsylvania.
An island in
the center of the archipelago Franz Josef Land. Discovered
by the Baldwin - Ziegler expedition
in 1901. On
Heiss Island in 1957–1995 The
Soviet (Russian) Geophysical Observatory "Druzhnaya" (named after
"E. T. Krenkel") worked.
Peninsula on
the northwest coast of Greenland. Discovered
by W.
Baffin in 1616.
Cape on
the Ellesmere bank of the Kane Basin.
Glacier on
the east coast of the island of West Spitsbergen.
Glacier in
West Greenland on the Melville Bay coast.
Fiord (Hayes
Fiord) on the east coast of Ellesmere Island.
Strait between
the islands of Lauter and Garrett in the Canadian Arctic
Archipelago. |
