Nares George Strong
(24.04.1831–15.01.1915)
English
seaman, vice admiral, arctic explorer.
Born in Monmouthshire, Wales, in the family of a sailor. Ners
was educated at the Royal Naval College in New Gross, where he
received the title of cadet, which is given by the Admiralty Lords
to the most promising students.
When he entered the navy in 1845, he served for some time on Her
Majesty’s Canopus ship entering the Lamanche squadron, and then on
the Havana ship entering the Australian squadron.
Ners came to the Arctic in 1852 as an assistant captain on the E.
Belcher expedition’s
“Resolute" vessel, which lasted until 1854. This
expedition gave him invaluable experience in managing the ship in
the most extreme situations. During
the winter,
Nares took an active part in the sled search campaigns.
Upon returning from the expedition, Ners participated in the
Crimean War, served on the Mediterranean Sea, in the Gulf of Suez,
explored the shores of Australia, and during the years 1872–1874 he
commanded the
"Challenger" vessel during its round-the-world research
cruise.
In 1875 Ners led the Arctic expedition on the ships "Alert" and
"Discovery". The
main task of the expedition was put the maximum possible advance to
the north.
"Vigilant" and "Discovery" in the Robson Strait |
They left England in May and in August approached the Gulf of
Lady Franklin in
the east
of Grant Land on Ellesmere
Island. Here
Ners left
"Discovery" to organize a winter base, and on the second ship
he continued sailing along the west bank of the Strait Robson,
went to the north coast of Ellesmere Island and hibernated in
Fleberg Beach. On
October 12 the sun ceased to appear, leaving the ship almost in
total darkness for 142 days. With
the onset of daylight, the toboggan squad, led by A.G. Markham,
reached a record at that time point 83° 20'26"N,
where they hoisted the British flag. The sailors suffered terribly
from extreme cold, many were sick with scurvy, one person died.
Another detachment sent by Ners, under the command of Lieutenant
P. Aldrich, marched westward and was more fortunate, although he was
often on the verge of a disaster. The
400 km of the northern coast of Ellesmere Island, which he mapped,
turned out to be the main geographical achievement of the
expedition. The
map of Aldrich remained the only one for this region until the
1950s.
The sailors of the second vessel examined the Robson
Strait
and the north-west coast of Greenland.
At the end of October 1876 the expedition returned to England,
although it was planned for two years. A
lot of criticism was expressed to the expedition and its leader. The
main disappointment of the average man was due to the failure of the
pole. Experts
have noted insufficiently good organization, lack of experience and
training, neglect of proper diet and, most importantly, the English
disgust for using dogs in sled trips, although by that time a number
of Arctic researchers, including the British, proved its vital
necessity. Later,
as is known, the neglect of using dogs as a means of transport was
one of the main reasons for the tragedy of the R. Scott expedition
to the South Pole.
Nevertheless, the scientific achievements of the expedition, and
not only the geographical ones mentioned above, are undoubted. The
naturalists of the expedition G. Velden and C. Hart carried out a
large amount of geological, zoological, botanical and ethnographic
research, in the processing of which, on their return, many leading
scientists, took part, in particular J.
Hooker. The
results were published in the Ners report and a number of scientific
publications. Geological
observations and the Velden collections remained the basis of the
geological knowledge of the framing of the Robson Strait and the
north coast of Ellesmere Island until the 1950s.
Night parking sleigh squad |
In September 1878 Ners was engaged in shooting the
Magellan
Strait and the coast of South America.
From 1879 to 1897 he served in the Ministry of Commerce as an
official of the Port Department. Ners
retired in 1886, in March 1892 he was given the rank of vice
admiral.
Awarded the Order
of the Bath.
Ners died
at his home in
Kingston upon
the Thames, Surrey. Buried at
Long Ditton in St.
Mary’s Church.
St. Mary's Church |
Peninsula (Ners
Land) on the north-west coast of Greenland. Already
in our time it turned out that this “land” is an island separated
from Greenland by a narrow strait.
Cape on
the north coast of Ellesmere Island in the Canadian Arctic
Archipelago.
Cape in
the south-west of Eglinton Island west of the Kellett Channel in the
Canadian Arctic Archipelago.
The system of straits between
the island of Ellesmere and Greenland. The
title was proposed by the Canadian Mining and Technology Department
and approved in 1964 by the Danish Committee on Geographical Names
in Greenland.
Strait in
the north-west of Greenland between the Land of Wulf and the island
of Stephenson. |