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Schrödinger Erwin (12.08.1887 – 04.01.1961)
Born in Vienna. He was the only child in a wealthy and cultural Viennese family. His father, Rudolf Schrödinger, a successful owner of a factory for the production of oilcloth and linoleum, was distinguished by his interest in science and for a long time served as vice president of the Vienna Botanical and Zoological Society. Erwin's mother, Emilia Brenda Georgina, was the daughter of chemist Alexander Bauer, whose lectures Rudolf Schrödinger attended while studying at the Imperial-Royal Vienna Higher Technical School. The situation in the family and communication with highly educated parents contributed to the formation of the diverse interests of the young Erwin. Until the age of eleven, he received home education, and in 1898 he entered the prestigious Academic Gymnasium, where he studied mainly humanitarian subjects.Education was given to Schrodinger easily, in each class he became the best student. He devoted a lot of time to reading, learning foreign languages. His maternal grandmother was English, so he had mastered this language from early childhood. Brilliantly passing the final exams at school, Erwin entered the University of Vienna in the fall of 1906, where he chose to study mathematics and physics courses. During his studies at the university, Schrödinger perfectly mastered the mathematical methods of physics, but his dissertation work was experimental. On May 20, 1910 after defending a thesis and successfully passing oral exams, Schrödinger was awarded the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. After graduating from the University, Schrödinger served in the army for a year, after which he began working at the alma mater as an assistant in a physical practicum. In 1913 he studied the radioactivity of the atmosphere and atmospheric electricity. For these studies, the Austrian Academy of Sciences awarded him seven years later the Hightinger Prize. In 1921 Schrödinger became a professor of theoretical physics at the University of Zurich, where he created the wave mechanics that glorified him. In 1927, he accepted an offer to head the Department of Theoretical Physics at Berlin University (after retiring, who headed the department of Max Planck). The 1920s Berlin was the intellectual center of world physics — a status that it irretrievably lost after the Nazis came to power in 1933. Anti-Semitic laws passed by the Nazis did not affect Schrödinger himself or his family members. However, he left Germany, formally associating the departure from the German capital with going on sabbatical. In October 1933 Schrödinger began working at Oxford University. In the same year, he and Paul Dirac were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for 1933 "in recognition of the merits in the design and development of new fruitful formulations of atomic theory". A year before the start of the Second World War, Schrödinger accepted the offer of the Irish Prime Minister to move to Dublin. De Valera - the head of the Irish government, a mathematician by training - organized the Institute of Higher Studies in Dublin, and Nobel Prize winner Erwin Schrödinger was one of his first employees. Dublin Schrödinger left only in 1956. After the withdrawal of the occupying troops from Austria and the conclusion of the State Treaty, he returned to Vienna, where he was given the personal position of professor at the University of Vienna. In 1957 he resigned and lived in his home in Tyrol. Schrodinger owned a number of fundamental results in the field of quantum theory, which formed the basis of wave mechanics: he formulated wave equations, showed the identity of the formalism developed by him and matrix mechanics, developed wave-mechanical perturbation theory, and obtained solutions to a number of specific problems. Schrödinger proposed an original interpretation of the physical meaning of the wave function; In subsequent years, he repeatedly criticized the generally accepted Copenhagen interpretation of quantum mechanics (the “Schrödinger cat” paradox, etc.). In addition, he is the author of many works in various fields of physics: statistical mechanics and thermodynamics, physics of dielectrics, color theory, electrodynamics, general theory of relativity and cosmology; He made several attempts to construct a unified field theory. In the book What Is Life? Schrödinger addressed the problems of genetics, looking at the phenomenon of life from the point of view of physics. He paid great attention to the philosophical aspects of science, ancient and eastern philosophical concepts, questions of ethics and religion. Died in Vienna, buried in Alpbach, Kufstein Bezirk, Tyrol, Austria. Glacier on the peninsula Nyu-Friesland, Svalbard. The coordinates are 79° 08.4'N 16° 23'E. |
