Tsivolka Avgust Karlovich
(1810–16.03.1839)
An
outstanding researcher of the New Earth.
Biographical data on the pre-Earth period of life of Tsivolki are
extremely scarce and not accurate. It
is known that he was born in Warsaw into a poor artistic family. Parents
and he were prepared for the theatrical scene, but fate decreed
otherwise. The
boy was fond of books about travels and at the age of 18–19 went to
Petersburg, where he entered to study in the first navigator's
half-crew of the sea hull. Three
years later, the best in knowledge, he was released in the rank of
conductor of the Naval Navigator Corps and began service on the
frigate Castor. In
1832, sailed from Kronstadt to Holland.
In 1834 Tsivolka was appointed by the Hydrographic Department as
the commander of the karbas “Kazakov” on the expedition P.K. Pakhtusov,
engaged in the inventory of the New Earth. There
were five sailors and two industrialists under the command of
Tsivolki. After
conducting astronomical and magnetic observations at the western
entrance to the
Matochkin Shar Strait, expedition tried to pass
through the Strait into the Kara Sea, but could not overcome the ice
and stayed for the winter. In
the spring of next year, Tsivolka described the eastern coast of
Novaya Zemlya on 160 km north of Matochkin Shar. In
the summer of the same year, he and Pakhtusov on the Karbas tried to
go along the western coast to the north, but the Carbas was crushed
by ice. The
team managed to escape with the help of industrialist A. Eremin to
reach Matochkin Shar. On
another karbas, also under the command of Pakhtusov, Tsivolk passed
through the strait and carried out the most difficult part of the
research - the inventory of the eastern coast of Novaya Zemlya to Pakhtusov
Island.
In 1837, Tzivolka was invited by the Academy of Sciences as
commander of the Krotov schooner on an expedition to academician K.M. Baer. After
the expedition of F.
Rozmyslov, this
expedition was the first, which, in addition to hydrographic
observations, also conducted natural geological studies. In
this regard, she has achieved excellent results. Up
to 90 plant species and up to 70 invertebrate species were
collected, and the geological structure was studied in detail at the
sites.
In 1838, Tsivolka in the rank of ensign of the Naval Navigator
Corps led a hydrographic expedition on the schooners Novaya Zemlya
and Spitsbergen. When
leaving from Arkhangelsk to the sea, they found out that the ships
have a different course. They
decided to move separately and meet at Melky
Bay, north of
Matochkin Shar. After
a month of sailing, “Svalbard” came under the command of S.А. Moiseev,
and after another 11 days the ship Tsivolki arrived. Immediately
after unloading, the observations began: they installed
meteorological instruments, equipped the vessel. Subsequently,
Baer gave the highest rating to the meteorological observations of
this expedition, calling them "a treasure for meteorologists".
Having completed the construction of winter quarters, Tsivolka
with an inventory went to the northern tip of Novaya Zemlya. Due
to poor health, he was soon forced to return and start preparing for
the winter. In
the meantime, his state of health deteriorated. In
December, he could not leave the hut, and in mid-March, he died.
The satellite and his assistant, Moses, said: "We buried our
commander in a coffin, in the slaughter of snow under the southern
cliff, with due honors".
The home of the Tsivolki expedition was restored in 1955–1956, a
memorial plaque was fixed. Near
the grave
Tsivolka and eight
members of his expedition. On
the grave there was a cross of 1839 with the inscription: “The ashes
of the rest of ec.kf. Ensign
Tsivolka ended his life on March 16, 1839, and another 8 people died
during the winter from cynical disease from ministers. The
cross was set to
Moiseev".
Islands in
the west of the archipelago of Nordensheld. Named
in 1901 by E.V. Toll.
Cape on
the west coast of Novaya Zemlya in Melky Bay. Described
in 1838 by Tsivolki expedition and mapped without a name on the map. Named
by Soviet hydrographs.
The bay and
the island at
the entrance to the bay on the east coast of the northern island of
New Earth. The
name Gulf was given in 1897 by the Englishman Pearson, who visited
this place on a Norwegian ship. The
island was named in 1934 by Captain F. Schepetov.
Entrance to Tsivolka Bay on the east coast of Novaya
Zemlya
(photo by G.P. Avetisov, 2012) |
Tsivolka Island at the entrance to Tsivolka Bay
(photo by G.P. Avetisov, 2012) |
The bay in
the Sahankyha Bay and the cape in
the east of the island Mezhdusharsky off the coast of the southern
island of Novaya Zemlya. Named
in 1930 by hydrographic North Hydrographic Expedition. |